Pada materi kali ini saya akan menjelaskan pengertian phrasal verb beserta daftar kata phrasal verb yang sering digunakan lengkap dengan arti dan contoh kalimat.
Table of Contents
Pengertian Phrasal Verb
Apa itu phrasal verb? Pengertian phrasal verb adalah frasa yang terdiri dari kata kerja ditambah adverb atau preposition. Phrasal verbs menciptakan makna yang berbeda dari arti verb itu sendiri.
Phrasal verbs biasa panjangnya dua kata, tetapi kadang-kadang terdiri dari tiga kata.
Penggunaan Phrasal Verb
Selain belajar artinya, Anda perlu belajar cara menggunakan phrasal verb dengan benar.
Penggunaan phrasal verb sama dengan penggunakan kosakata bahasa Inggris lainnya.
Beberapa phrasal verb memerlukan objek langsung (seseorang/sesuatu), sementara yang lain tidak. Beberapa phrasal verb dapat dipisahkan oleh objek, sementara yang lain tidak.
Mempelajarinya ketika anda mendengarkan atau menemukannya dalam tulisan akan lebih mudah daripada berusaha menghafalnya banyak sekaligus.
Gunakan daftar di bawah ini sebagai panduan referensi ketika Anda menemukan kata, ekspresi atau ungkapan yang tidak Anda ketahui.
Contoh-contoh kalimatnya akan membantu Anda memahami arti dan cara penggunaannya.
A. Penggunaan Literal
Banyak verb dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dikombinasikan dengan kata keterangan atau preposisi, phrasal verb dengan preposisi yang digunakan dalam arti harfiah mudah dimengerti.
Contoh:
- Anto walked across the square.
Konstruksi verb dan adverb juga mudah dipahami ketika digunakan dalam percakapan.
Kata keterangan dalam literal phrasal verb mengubah kata kerja yang disematkan, dan preposisi menghubungkan subjek ke kata kerja.
B. Penggunaan Idiomatik
Namun demikian, penggunaan idiom dalam percakapan sehari-hari yang membuat phrasal verb sangat penting:
Contoh:
- He hope she will get over her operation quickly.
Arti harfiah dari “to get over” adalah “memanjat sesuatu untuk berada ke sisi lain”, tidak relevan di sini. Di sini “get over” berarti “pulih dari” atau “merasa lebih baik”.
C. Kata Kerja Phrasal Transitif dan Intransitif
Phrasal verb juga berbeda dalam hal transitivitas atau intransitivitasnya dengan cara yang sama seperti verb biasanya.
Kata kerja transitif selalu memiliki objek.
Contoh:
- Many people walked across the bridge.
“Across” dalam kalimat ini adalah preposisi dari “jembatan (the bridge)”.
Kata kerja intransitif tidak memiliki objek.
Contoh:
- When I entered the room he looked up.
“Up” di sini adalah kata keterangan, dan tidak memiliki objek.
D. Separable atau Inseparable Phrasal Verb
Cara lebih lanjut untuk mempertimbangkan phrasal verb adalah apakah mereka dapat dipisahkan atau tidak dapat dipisahkan.
Dalam inseparable phrasal verb, objek datang setelah particle.
Contoh:
- We got on the bus.
- On weekdays, we look after our grandchildren.
Separable phrasal verb memiliki beberapa cara untuk memisahkan kata kerja, particle dan objek.
Biasanya, objek berasal dari kata kerja dan particle.
Contoh:
- I looked up the word in my dictionary.
- I looked it up in my dictionary.
Namun, dengan beberapa kata kerja yang dapat dipisahkan, objek dapat datang sebelum atau setelah particle.
Contoh:
- Switch the light off.
- Switch off the light.
- Switch it off.
Biasanya tidak ada cara baku untuk mengelompokkan apakah phrasal verb dapat dipisahkan (separable), (inseparable), transitif atau intransitif.
Dalam kebanyakan kasus, Anda harus mengunakan rasa untuk cara penggunaannya yang benar.
Daftar Kata Phrasal Verb, Arti dan Contoh
Seperti banyak kata kerja lainnya, phrasal verb seringkali memiliki lebih dari satu arti.
Table daftar kata berikut menampilkan sekitar dua ratus kata phrasal verb yang sering digunakan untuk membantu Anda lebih mudah mengingat dan memahaminya.
Pelajari daftar kata phrasal verb lengkap arti dan contoh kalimat dibawah ini lebih sering sehingga Anda tidak lupa aturannya!
| Verb | Arti | Contoh Kalimat |
| ask someone out | mengundang kencan | Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie. |
| ask around | tanyakan banyak orang pertanyaan yang sama | I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet. |
| add up to something | sama | Your purchases add up to $205.32. |
| back something up | membalikkan | You’ll have to back up your car so that I can get out. |
| back someone up | mendukung | My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job. |
| blow up | meledak | The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence. |
| blow something up | tambahkan udara | We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party. |
| break down | berhenti berfungsi (kendaraan, mesin) | Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm. |
| break down | lesu, murung | The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died. |
| break something down | membaginya menjadi bagian-bagian yang lebih | Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts. |
| break in | memaksa masuk ke sebuah bangunan | Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo. |
| break into something | masukkan secara paksa | The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children. |
| break something in | memakai sesuatu beberapa kali sehingga tidak terlihat/merasa baru | I need to break these shoes in before we run next week. |
| break in | mengganggu | The TV station broke in to report the news of the president’s death. |
| break up | mengakhiri hubungan | My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America. |
| break up | mulai tertawa (informal) | The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking. |
| break out | melarikan diri | The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking. |
| break out in something | mengembangkan kondisi kulit | I broke out in a rash after our camping trip. |
| bring someone down | membuat bahagia | This sad music is bringing me down. |
| bring someone up | membesarkan seorang anak | My grandparents brought me up after my parents died. |
| bring something up | mulai berbicara tentang subjek | My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports. |
| bring something up | muntah | He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet. |
| call around | telepon banyak tempat yang berbeda/orang | We called around but we weren’t able to find the car part we needed. |
| call someone back | mengembalikan panggilan telepon | I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend. |
| call something off | membatalkan | Jason called the wedding off because he wasn’t in love with his fiancé. |
| call on someone | meminta jawaban atau pendapat | The professor called on me for question 1. |
| call on someone | kunjungi seseorang | We called on you last night but you weren’t home. |
| call someone up | telepon | Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town. |
| calm down | santai setelah marah | You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car. |
| not care for someone/something | tidak suka (formal) | I don’t care for his behaviour. |
| catch up | sampai ke titik yang sama dengan orang lain | You’ll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty. |
| check in | tiba dan mendaftar di hotel atau bandara | We will get the hotel keys when we check in. |
| check out | tinggalkan hotel | You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM. |
| check someone/something out | lihat dengan cermat, selidiki | The company checks out all new employees. |
| check out someone/something | lihat (informal) | Check out the crazy hair on that guy! |
| cheer up | menjadi lebih bahagia | She cheered up when she heard the good news. |
| cheer someone up | buat lebih bahagia | I brought you some flowers to cheer you up. |
| chip in | membantu | If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon. |
| clean something up | rapi, bersih | Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside. |
| come across something | temukan secara tak terduga | I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet. |
| come apart | terpisah | The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough. |
| come down with something | menjadi sakit | My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend. |
| come forward | sukarela untuk suatu tugas atau untuk memberikan bukti | The woman came forward with her husband’s finger prints. |
| come from somewhere | berasal dari | The art of origami comes from Asia. |
| count on someone/something | Mengandalkan | I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out. |
| cross something out | Menggambar garis melalui | Please cross out your old address and write your new one. |
| cut back on something | mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit | My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods. |
| cut something down | membuat sesuatu jatuh ke tanah | We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm. |
| cut in | Mengganggu | Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle. |
| cut in | tarik terlalu dekat di depan kendaraan lain | The bus driver got angry when that car cut in. |
| cut in | mulai beroperasi (dari mesin atau perangkat istrik) | The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22ºC. |
| cut something off | menghapus dengan sesuatu yang tajam | The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured. |
| cut something off | berhenti menyediakan | The phone company cut off our phone because we didn’t pay the bill. |
| cut someone off | mengambil dari sebuah akan | My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried. |
| cut something out | menghapus bagian dari sesuatu (biasanya dengan gunting dan kertas) | I cut this ad out of the newspaper. |
| do someone/something over | memukuli, merampok | He’s lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gang. |
| do something over | lakukan lagi | My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn’t like my topic. |
| do away with something | Membuang | It’s time to do away with all of these old tax records. |
| do something up | Kencangkan, tutup | Do your coat up before you go outside. It’s snowing! |
| dress up | memakai pakaian bagus | It’s a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up. |
| drop back | bergerak kembali dalam posisi/kelompok | Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike. |
| drop in/by/over | datang tanpa janji | I might drop in/by/over for tea some time this week. |
| drop someone/something off | mengambil seseorang/sesuatu di suatu tempat dan meninggalkan mereka/itu ada | I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over. |
| drop out | keluar dari kelas, sekolah dll | I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult. |
| eat out | makan di Restoran | I don’t feel like cooking tonight. Let’s eat out. |
| end up | akhirnya mencapai/melakukan/memutuskan | We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre. |
| fall apart | pecah berkeping-keping | My new dress fell apart in the washing machine. |
| fall down | jatuh ke tanah | The picture that you hung up last night fell down this morning. |
| fall out | terpisah dari interior | The money must have fallen out of my pocket. |
| fall out | (rambut, gigi) menjadi longgar dan lajang | His hair started to fall out when he was only 35. |
| figure something out | mengerti, menemukan jawabannya | I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room. |
| fill something in | untuk menulis informasi di tempat kosong | Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number. |
| fill something out | untuk menulis informasi dengan lengkap | The form must be filled out in capital letters. |
| fill something up | mengisi ke atas | I always fill the water jug up when it is empty. |
| find out | menemukan | We don’t know where he lives. How can we find out? |
| find something out | menemukan | We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out. |
| get something across/over | berkomunikasi, buat dimengerti | I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn’t listen. |
| get along/on | saling menyukai | I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on. |
| get around | memiliki mobilitas | My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair. |
| get away | pergi berlibur | We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week. |
| get away with something | lakukan tanpa diketahui atau dihukum | Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests. |
| get back | kembali | We got back from our vacation last week. |
| get something back | menerima sesuatu yang Anda miliki sebelumnya | Liz finally got her Science notes back from my room- mate. |
| get back at someone | balas dendam, balas dendam | My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat. |
| get back into something | menjadi tertarik pada sesuatu lagi | I finally got back into my novel and finished it. |
| get on something | melangkah ke kendaraan | We’re going to freeze out here if you don’t let us get on the bus. |
| get over something | pulih dari penyakit, kehilangan, kesulitan | I just got over the flu and now my sister has it. |
| get over something | mengatasi suatu masalah | The company will have to close if it can’t get over the new regulations. |
| get round to something | akhirnya menemukan waktu untuk melakukan (N.Amer .: berkeliling untuk sesuatu) | I don’t know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards. |
| get together | bertemu (biasanya karena alasan sosial) | Let’s get together for a BBQ this weekend. |
| get up | bangun dari tempat tidur | I got up early today to study for my exam. |
| get up | berdiri | You should get up and give the elderly man your seat. |
| give someone away | mengungkapkan informasi tersembunyi tentang seseorang | His wife gave him away to the police. |
| give someone away | bawa pengantin wanita ke altar | My father gave me away at my wedding. |
| give something away | merusak rahasia | My little sister gave the surprise party away by accident. |
| give something away | berikan sesuatu kepada seseorang secara gratis | The library was giving away old books on Friday. |
| give something back | mengembalikan item yang dipinjam | I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game. |
| give in | dengan enggan berhenti berkelahi atau berdebat | My boyfriend didn’t want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in. |
| give something out | berikan kepada banyak orang (biasanya tanpa biaya) | They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store. |
| give something up | berhenti dari kebiasaan | I am giving up smoking as of January 1st. |
| give up | berhenti mencoba | My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up. |
| go after someone | ikuti seseorang | My brother tried to go after the thief in his car. |
| go after something | cobalah untuk mencapai sesuatu | I went after my dream and now I am a published writer. |
| go against someone | bersaing, lawan | We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight. |
| go ahead | mulai, lanjutkan | Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold. |
| go back | kembali ke suatu tempat | I have to go back home and get my lunch. |
| go out | meninggalkan rumah untuk menghadiri acara sosial | We’re going out for dinner tonight. |
| go out with someone | kencan | Jesse has been going out with Luke since they met last winter. |
| go over something | ulasan | Please go over your answers before you submit your test. |
| go over | kunjungi seseorang di dekatnya | I haven’t seen Tina for a long time. I think I’ll go over for an hour or two. |
| go without something | menderita kekurangan atau kekurangan | When I was young, we went without winter boots. |
| grow apart | berhenti berteman dari waktu ke waktu | My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools. |
| grow back | tumbuh kembali | My roses grew back this summer. |
| grow up | menjadi dewasa | When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman. |
| grow out of something | terlalu besar untuk | Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones. |
| grow into something | tumbuh cukup besar agar pas | This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year. |
| hand something down | berikan sesuatu yang digunakan untuk orang lain | I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin. |
| hand something in | menyerahkan | I have to hand in my essay by Friday. |
| hand something out | untuk dibagikan kepada sekelompok orang | We will hand out the invitations at the door. |
| hand something over | memberi (biasanya dengan enggan) | The police asked the man to hand over his wallet and his weapons. |
| hang in | tetap positif (NAmer., informal) | Hang in there. I’m sure you’ll find a job very soon. |
| hang on | tunggu sebentar (informal) | Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes! |
| hang out | menghabiskan waktu santai (informal) | Instead of going to the party we are just going to hang out at my place. |
| hang up | akhiri panggilan telepon | He didn’t say goodbye before he hung up. |
| hold someone/something back | mencegah melakukan / pergi | I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park. |
| hold something back | sembunyikan emosi | Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather’s funeral. |
| hold on | tunggu sebentar | Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department. |
| hold onto someone/something | pegang dengan kuat menggunakan tangan atau lengan Anda | Hold onto your hat because it’s very windy outside. |
| hold someone/something up | rampok | A man in a black mask held the bank up this morning. |
| keep on doing something | terus lakukan | Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil. |
| keep something from someone | tidak memberi tahu | We kept our relationship from our parents for two years. |
| Keep someone/something out | berhenti masuk | Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room. |
| keep something up | lanjutkan dengan kecepatan yang sama | If you keep those results up you will get into a great college. |
| let someone down | gagal mendukung atau membantu, mengecewakan | I need you to be on time. Don’t let me down this time. |
| let someone in | izinkan masuk | Can you let the cat in before you go to school? |
| look after someone/something | mengurus | I have to look after my sick grandmother. |
| look down on someone | kurang berpikir, pertimbangkan inferior | Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad has looked down on me. |
| look for someone/something | mencoba untuk mencari | I’m looking for a red dress for the wedding. |
| look forward to something | bersemangat tentang masa depan | I’m looking forward to the holiday. |
| look into something | menyelidiki | We are going to look into the price of snowboards today. |
| look out | hati-hati, waspada, dan perhatikan | Look out! That car’s going to hit you! |
| look out for someone/something | menjadi sangat waspada untuk | Don’t forget to look out for snakes on the hiking trail. |
| look something over | periksa | Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes? |
| look something up | mencari dan menemukan informasi dalam buku referensi atau basis data | We can look her phone number up on the Internet. |
| look up to someone | memiliki banyak rasa hormat | My little sister has always looked up to me. |
| make something up | menciptakan, berbohong tentang sesuatu | Josie made up a story about why we were late. |
| make up | saling memaafkan | We were angry last night, but we made up at breakfast. |
| make someone up | memakaikan kosmetik | My sisters made me up for my graduation party. |
| mix something up | membingungkan dua hal atau lebih | I mixed up the twins’ names again! |
| pass away | mati | His uncle passed away last night after a long illness. |
| pass out | lemah | It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out. |
| pass something out | berikan hal yang sama kepada banyak orang | The professor passed the textbooks out before class. |
| pass something up | tolak (biasanya sesuatu yang baik) | I passed up the job because I am afraid of change. |
| pay someone back | pengembalian uang terutang | Thanks for buying my ticket. I’ll pay you back on Friday. |
| pay for something | dihukum karena melakukan sesuatu yang buruk | That bully will pay for being mean to my little brother. |
| pick something out | memilih | I picked out three sweaters for you to try on. |
| point someone/something out | mengindikasikan dengan jari Anda | I’ll point my boyfriend out when he runs by. |
| put something down | letakkan apa yang Anda pegang di permukaan atau lantai | You can put the groceries down on the kitchen counter. |
| put someone down | menghina, membuat seseorang merasa bodoh | The students put the substitute teacher down because his pants were too short. |
| put something off | menunda | We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane. |
| put something out | memadamkan | The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived. |
| put something together | mengumpulkan | I have to put the crib together before the baby arrives. |
| put up with someone/something | mentolerir | I don’t think I can put up with three small children in the car. |
| put something on | letakkan pakaian / aksesoris di tubuh Anda | Don’t forget to put on your new earrings for the party. |
| run into someone/something | bertemu secara tiba-tiba | I ran into an old school-friend at the mall. |
| run over someone/something | mengendarai kendaraan di atas seseorang atau sesuatu | I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway. |
| run over/through something | berlatih, tinjau | Let’s run over/through these lines one more time before the show. |
| run away | pergi tanpa terduga, melarikan diri | The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days. |
| run out | tidak ada yang tersisa | We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap. |
| send something back | kembali (biasanya melalui surat) | My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp. |
| set something up | mengatur | Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company. |
| set someone up | trik, jebakan | The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera. |
| shop around | perbandingan harga | I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots. |
| show off | bertindak ekstra istimewa untuk orang yang menonton (biasanya dengan sombong) | He always shows off on his skateboard |
| sleep over | tinggal di suatu tempat untuk malam ini | You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home. |
| sort something out | mengatur, menyelesaikan masalah | We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month. |
| stick to something | terus melakukan sesuatu, batasi diri Anda untuk satu hal tertentu | You will lose weight if you stick to the diet. |
| switch something off | hentikan aliran energi, matikan | The light’s too bright. Could you switch it off. |
| switch something on | mulai aliran energi, hidupkan | We heard the news as soon as we switched on the car radio. |
| take after someone | menyerupai anggota keluarga | I take after my mother. We are both impatient. |
| take something apart | sengaja dipecah-pecah | He took the car brakes apart and found the problem. |
| take something back | kembalikan item | I have to take our new TV back because it doesn’t work. |
| take off | mulai terbang | My plane takes off in five minutes. |
| take something off | melepas sesuatu (biasanya pakaian) | Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake! |
| take something out | memindahkan dari suatu tempat atau benda | Can you take the garbage out to the street for me? |
| take someone out | membayar seseorang untuk pergi  ke suatu tempat dengan Anda | My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie. |
| tear something up | robek menjadi beberapa bagian | I tore up my ex-boyfriend’s letters and gave them back to him. |
| think back | ingat | When I think back on my youth, I wish I had studied harder. |
| think something over | mempertimbangkan | I’ll have to think this job offer over before I make my final decision. |
| throw something away | buang | We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery. |
| turn something down | mengurangi volume atau kekuatan (panas, cahaya dll) | Please turn the TV down while the guests are here. |
| turn something down | buang | I turned the job down because I don’t want to move. |
| turn something off | mematikan sesuatu | Your mother wants you to turn the TV off and come for dinner. |
| turn something on | menghidupkan sesuatu | It’s too dark in here. Let’s turn some lights on. |
| turn something up | menambah volume atau kekuatan (panas, cahaya dll) | Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song. |
| turn up | muncul tiba-tiba | Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood. |
| try something on | mencoba sampel pakaian | I’m going to try these jeans on, but I don’t think they will fit. |
| try something out | uji | I am going to try this new brand of detergent out. |
| use something up | habiskan persediaan | The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more. |
| wake up | bangun, berhenti tidur | We have to wake up early for work on Monday. |
| warm someone/something up | meningkatkan suhu | You can warm your feet up in front of the fireplace. |
| warm up | persiapkan tubuh untuk berolahraga | I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run. |
| wear off | menghilang | Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party. |
| work out | olahraga | I work out at the gym three times a week. |
| work out | menjadi orang yang sukses | Our plan worked out fine. |
| work something out | membuat perhitungan | We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house. |
Bibliografi
- Badalamenti, V. and Henner-Stanchina, C. (2000). Grammar dimensions. Caqmbridge, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
- Murphy, R. (2012). English grammar in use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Swick, E. (2005). English grammar for ESL learners. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill.
